Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a condition that causes a yellowish tint in your dog’s skin, eyes, and gums. While jaundice itself is a symptom rather than a disease, it often indicates an underlying medical issue that needs prompt attention. If you notice yellowing in your dog’s eyes or skin, it’s crucial to understand what it means and what to do next.
In this blog, we will discuss the warning signs of jaundice in dogs, highlight its typical causes, and explain when it's time to consult a veterinarian.
What Is Jaundice in Dogs?
Jaundice results from a buildup of a substance called bilirubin in your dog’s blood and tissues. Bilirubin is a yellow-colored substance formed due to the natural breakdown of red blood cells in the body. When something interferes with the body’s ability to process or eliminate bilirubin, it accumulates, leading to yellowing in jaundice.
Common Signs of Jaundice in Dogs
You may notice jaundice through visible changes in your dog’s appearance and behavior. Key symptoms include:
- Yellow tint in the whites of the eyes (sclera)
- Yellowing of the gums, inner ears, or belly skin
- Lethargy or weakness
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Dark yellow or brownish urine
- Pale or clay-colored stools
- Weight loss or dehydration
These symptoms might develop slowly or appear suddenly, depending on the underlying cause.
What Causes Jaundice in Dogs?
There are several reasons why a dog may develop jaundice. The causes are typically classified into three categories based on where the problem occurs in the body:
1. Pre-Hepatic (Before the Liver)
This type of jaundice is due to the excessive breakdown of red blood cells, which leads to an overload of bilirubin.
- Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA)
- Blood parasites
- Toxins or poisons
- Severe infections
2. Hepatic (Within the Liver)
Liver diseases or damage impair the organ’s ability to process bilirubin.
- Hepatitis
- Liver tumors
- Leptospirosis (a bacterial infection)
- Liver failure
- Drug toxicity
3. Post-hepatic (After the Liver)
This occurs when bile flow is obstructed, preventing bilirubin from being eliminated from the body.
- Gallstones
- Pancreatitis
- Bile duct obstruction
- Tumors pressing on the bile duct
Diagnosing Jaundice in Dogs
If you notice yellowing in your dog’s skin or eyes, it’s important to consult a veterinarian immediately. Diagnosing jaundice involves a combination of physical exams and diagnostic tests, including:
- Blood tests – to evaluate liver function and red blood cell levels
- Urinalysis – to detect bilirubin in urine
- X-rays or ultrasound – to check for liver enlargement, tumors, or bile duct blockages
- Liver biopsy or aspiration – in some cases, to confirm liver disease or cancer
Early diagnosis helps identify the root cause and ensures timely treatment.
How Is Jaundice in Dogs Treated?
The treatment of jaundice depends entirely on the underlying cause. Common treatment options include:
- Medications may include antibiotics to treat infections or steroids to manage immune-related conditions.
- Intravenous fluids – to prevent dehydration and support liver function
- Liver-support supplements – like SAMe or milk thistle
- Blood transfusions – in cases of severe anemia
- Surgery – to remove tumors or gallstones
- Dietary changes – to reduce stress on the liver and improve recovery
In some cases, hospitalization may be required for supportive care.
Can Jaundice in Dogs Be Prevented?
While not all causes of jaundice can be prevented, some steps can help reduce your dog’s risk:
- Keep your dog up to date on vaccinations (e.g., leptospirosis)
- Avoid exposure to toxins, chemicals, and certain human medications
- Feed a balanced, high-quality diet
- Regularly screen for tick-borne diseases and parasites
- Schedule regular veterinary visits for health checkups and blood work to monitor your dog’s well-being.
Early detection is key. If your dog seems tired, stops eating, or shows changes in its skin or eyes, don’t wait—get it checked.
When to Contact a Vet
It's important to get urgent veterinary attention if your dog shows any of the following signs:
- Has yellow eyes, gums, or skin
- Shows signs of weakness or collapse
- Has dark urine or very pale stools
- Is not eating or drinking
- Vomits frequently or seems confused
Jaundice is a symptom that can indicate severe health conditions. Timely detection and proper treatment can greatly improve your dog’s chances of recovery and long-term health outcomes.
Final Thoughts
Jaundice in dogs is not a disease but a signal that something serious might be going on internally. Whether the issue is with the liver, red blood cells, or bile flow, it requires swift attention and proper diagnosis. With timely care, many causes of jaundice can be managed or even cured, giving your dog the best chance to recover fully.
