Obesity in cats is more common than many pet owners realize. It’s not just about a few extra pounds—it’s a serious health condition that can lead to life-threatening diseases and lower your cat’s quality of life. In this guide, we’ll explain what causes obesity in cats, the risks involved, how to tell if your cat is overweight, and what you can do to help them get back to a healthy weight.
What is Cat Obesity?
Obesity in cats is a medical condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of body fat. Typically, a cat is considered overweight when it is 10–20% above its ideal weight and obese if it is more than 20% over. According to the Association for Pet Obesity Prevention, over 50% of cats in the US are either overweight or obese.
Causes of Obesity in Cats
Several factors contribute to weight gain in cats:
1. Overfeeding and Free Feeding
Cats often gain weight when they’re allowed to eat as much as they want. Free-feeding dry kibble, which is calorie-dense, can lead to overeating.
2. Lack of Physical Activity
Indoor cats typically don’t get as much exercise as outdoor cats. Without regular play and activity, they tend to burn fewer calories, which can lead to weight gain.
3. Age
As cats grow older, their activity levels often decrease, and their metabolism naturally slows. Even without changes in their diet, this shift can lead to gradual weight gain over time.
4. Neutering/Spaying
While spaying or neutering does not directly cause obesity, it can lead to a lower metabolic rate, which requires adjustments in diet and activity levels.
5. High-Calorie Treats and Human Food
Feeding your cat treats or table scraps can significantly increase their calorie intake without you realizing it.
Health Risks of Obesity in Cats
Obesity can shorten your cat’s lifespan and cause multiple health issues, including:
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Arthritis and joint pain
- Heart disease
- Liver disease (hepatic lipidosis)
- Respiratory problems
- Lower immunity and slower recovery from illness or surgery
- Urinary tract issues
Carrying extra weight can also reduce your cat’s ability to groom themselves properly, leading to skin infections and poor coat condition.
How to Tell If Your Cat Is Overweight
Here are some signs your cat may be overweight or obese:
- You can’t feel your cat’s ribs easily under a layer of fat.
- Their waistline is not visible when viewed from above.
- They have a sagging belly that swings when they walk.
- They are less playful or get tired quickly.
- They struggle to jump or climb like they used to.
Your veterinarian can also use a Body Condition Score (BCS) to assess your cat’s weight on a scale of 1 to 9, with a score of 5 being ideal.
Ways to Help Your Cat Lose Weight Safely
Helping your cat lose weight should be a gradual and safe process. Sudden calorie restriction can lead to severe liver issues in cats.
1. Visit Your Veterinarian
Start by consulting your Veterinarian to rule out any medical conditions and create a tailored weight loss plan.
2. Portion Control
Use a measuring cup to administer the recommended amount of food to your cat. Avoid leaving food out all day—scheduled feeding times help control calorie intake.
3. Switch to a Weight Management Diet
Choose a vet-approved weight control cat food. These formulas are typically lower in calories but higher in protein and fiber, helping to keep your cat complete and satisfied.
4. Encourage Play and Activity
Engage your cat in at least two 10–15 minute play sessions daily. Use feather toys, laser pointers, or treat puzzles to keep them moving.
5. Limit Treats
Treats should make up no more than 10% of your cat’s daily calories. Opt for healthy, low-calorie options or use a portion of their meal as a treat.
6. Track Progress
Weigh your cat regularly—ideally once every 2 weeks—and keep track of their Progress. Adjust the plan if weight loss plateaus.
Tips to Prevent Cat Obesity
- Feed based on your cat’s ideal weight, not their current weight.
- Stick to a feeding schedule instead of free-feeding.
- Provide vertical spaces, scratching posts, and interactive toys to promote activity.
- Avoid giving human food, even small bites.
- Choose food with clear nutritional labels and avoid fillers or high carbohydrate content.
Final Thoughts
Cat obesity isn’t just a cosmetic issue—it’s a serious health risk that can reduce your cat’s lifespan and well-being. The good news? With the proper diet, regular playtime, and a bit of patience, you can help your cat shed the extra pounds and live a happier, healthier life. Always work closely with your veterinarian to ensure a safe weight loss journey for your feline friend.
