The liver is a vital organ located just behind the diaphragm, close to the stomach, pancreas, and spleen. It performs several crucial functions, such as:
- Producing proteins
- Creating clotting factors and bile, which help in digesting food
- Detoxifying wastes and toxins and metabolizing medications
- Storing vitamins and minerals
- Supporting immune functions
Due to its many roles, the liver is vulnerable to damage from various sources. When harmed, it can lead to inflammation, known as hepatitis, which may progress to liver cell damage, loss of function, and ultimately liver failure.
Fortunately, the outlook can be positive if diagnosed early and treated properly.
Symptoms Of Liver Disease In Cats
In most cases, unless it's in the advanced stages or due to a more serious liver condition, common symptoms in cats include:
- Lethargy
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Unusual bruising or bleeding
- Increased thirst and urination
More severe signs, such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin, eyes, or gums), fluid buildup in the abdomen (ascites), and neurological symptoms like circling, head pressing, seizures, or even coma, may also occur with liver disease.
Cause Of Liver Disease In Cats
Liver disease in cats can arise from a variety of causes. When the issue directly affects the liver, it's known as primary liver disease. Some common causes include:
- Fatty liver disease (excess fat buildup in the liver)
- Exposure to toxins or poisons
- Viral Or bacterial infections
- Parasites
- Liver cancer
- Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
- Triaditis (inflammation of the pancreas, liver, and intestines)
- Gallbladder stones or infections
- Congenital conditions (present from birth)
Secondary liver disease occurs when another illness or condition impacts the liver. Common conditions include:
- Diabetes
- Pancreatitis
- Inflammatory bowel disease
- Cancer
- Hyperthyroidism
A veterinary evaluation and diagnostic tests are needed to identify the specific cause and provide the right treatment.
Diagnosis Of Liver Disease In Cats
To diagnose liver disease in cats, your veterinarian will conduct a thorough health examination and may recommend additional tests such as:
- Ultrasound: This provides a detailed view of the liver and allows for the collection of liver cell samples. These samples can help detect infections, cancer, or fatty liver disease.
- X-rays: X-rays help assess the liver's size and shape and can also check for gallbladder stones.
- Blood and urine tests: These tests assist in determining the underlying cause of the disease and can also reveal associated conditions, such as pancreatitis or kidney disease, which might affect the diagnosis or treatment plan.
Although several tests may be needed, identifying the exact cause of liver disease is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment plan.
Treatment Of Liver Disease In Cats
Treatment for liver disease in cats aims to prevent further damage and support the liver's recovery. The treatment method will depend on the root cause. In some cases, surgery may be required, while others can be managed with medications.
Your veterinarian may recommend hospitalization since liver disease can make cats very ill. Treatment often includes fluid therapy and intravenous medications. Nutrition is also a key part of the recovery process, and if your cat isn't eating, a feeding tube may be used to provide essential nutrients and vitamins.
Recovery Of Liver Disease In Cats
The liver can regenerate, and with early detection and prompt treatment, some cats can recover well and lead a normal life. However, in cases where the disease is severe, or the outlook is poor, humane euthanasia may be considered the most compassionate option.
