Fleas are tiny insects commonly found in outdoor environments like grass, fields, and wooded areas. However, they can also hide in crevices and cracks within your home. These pests feed on the blood of cats and dogs , making them a nuisance and a potential health risk. A single flea can lay up to 50 eggs a day, leading to a quick infestation if left unchecked.
Fleas can transmit several diseases to animals and humans through their bites or when they are accidentally ingested, such as during self-grooming.
Here are four significant diseases that fleas can spread.
Mycoplasma haemofelis
Mycoplasma haemofelis (M. haemofelis) is a bacterial infection that affects cats and is transmitted through flea, tick, and mosquito bites. This parasite infects red blood cells, causing fever and anemia in cats.
Research suggests that M. haemofelis might also infect humans, particularly those with weakened immune systems. Fleas, which feed on multiple hosts, can pass the infection between pets and humans.
The bacteria destroy red blood cells, leading to anemia in both cats and humans. Treatment for infected pets often involves antibiotics like doxycycline; in severe cases, blood transfusions may be necessary.
Typhus
Typhus is a disease primarily transmitted to humans through flea bites, often from the Oriental rat or cat flea. These fleas become carriers after feeding infected animals like rats, cats, or opossums.
When a flea bites, it often defecates at the same time. The bacteria Rickettsia typhi, present in the flea's feces, can enter the body through the bite or when a person scratches the affected area. This leads to infection.
Common symptoms of typhus include:
- Headache
- Fever
- Nausea
- Body aches
- Loss of appetite
- Coughing
- Vomiting
A rash may develop 5–6 days after the initial symptoms, starting on the torso and spreading to the arms and legs. Typhus can be treated effectively with antibiotics, but delayed treatment may require hospitalization. Without treatment, the disease may last for several months.
Cat Scratch Disease
Bartonella henselae (B. henselae), the bacteria responsible for cat scratch disease, is commonly spread through flea bites in cats. According to the CDC, around 40% of cats, particularly kittens, carry this bacteria at some point.
Most cats remain asymptomatic as their immune systems control the infection. However, cats with weakened immunity, such as those with FeLV/FIV or undergoing chemotherapy, may experience symptoms including:
- Vomiting
- Lethargy
- Red eyes
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Reduced appetite
Cats can transmit this disease to humans by biting or scratching hard enough to break the skin or licking open wounds or scabs.
In humans, cat scratch disease can occasionally cause severe complications, affecting the brain, eyes, heart, or other internal organs. These complications are more common in young children or individuals with weakened immune systems.
Tapeworms
Tapeworms are intestinal parasites that affect dogs, cats, and humans. Pets can acquire tapeworms by ingesting infected adult fleas, often during grooming. Cats may also contract tapeworms by eating infected rodents.
People, particularly children, may accidentally ingest infected fleas while playing outside, leading to infection. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that both children and pets can expel tapeworm segments, known as proglottids, in their stool.
Tapeworm treatment for pets typically involves medications such as praziquantel, which can be given orally or via injection. This treatment works by breaking down the tapeworm inside the intestines, effectively removing the parasite.
How to Eliminate Fleas from Your Home
Getting rid of fleas can be challenging once they invade your home. These pests can enter by clinging to your clothing or hopping through open windows or doors. Once inside, they hide in small cracks and crevices, feeding on pets and people.
Protecting your pets is the most effective way to prevent a flea infestation. Ensure they are on year-round flea prevention treatments, even if they are indoor-only pets like cats. Consult your vet to choose the most suitable product tailored to your pet’s unique needs. Popular options include Bravecto and NexGard, which are highly effective at keeping fleas at bay.
Steps to Keep Your Home Flea-Free
- Regular Vacuuming
- Frequent vacuuming helps remove fleas, eggs, and larvae from carpets and furniture before they spread further.
- Wash Pet Bedding
- Clean your pet's bedding regularly to eliminate fleas and their eggs.
- Use Indoor Flea Sprays
- Safe and pet-friendly indoor flea sprays can help repel and kill fleas inside your home.
- Treat Your Yard
- Fleas can thrive outdoors in your lawn or garden. Applying pet-safe yard treatments can prevent them from entering your home.
Combining these practices with effective flea prevention for your pets allows you to keep your home flea-free and ensure a healthier environment for your family and furry companions.
