Introduction
Cat conjunctivitis, often called feline pink eye, is a common eye condition many cat owners encounter. This condition involves inflammation of the conjunctiva — the delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the visible surface of the eye. When this tissue becomes irritated or infected, your cat may experience discomfort, discharge, and behavioral changes that signal something is wrong. Understanding the symptoms, causes, and treatments can help you take prompt action and protect your feline’s eye health.
What Is Conjunctivitis in Cats?
Conjunctivitis is not a disease in itself but a sign that something is irritating your cat’s eye tissue. The conjunctiva normally helps keep the eyes moist and protected from debris and pathogens. When it becomes inflamed due to infection, irritation, or allergy, you’ll notice changes in appearance and your cat’s behavior.
This condition can affect one or both eyes and range from mild irritation to a painful, ongoing problem if not properly treated by a veterinarian.
Common Symptoms of Cat Conjunctivitis
Recognizing the signs of conjunctivitis early is important for prompt treatment. Symptoms can vary in severity but often include:
- Redness and swelling of the eye or eyelids — the conjunctival tissues become visibly inflamed.
- Tearing or discharge, which may be clear, yellow, green, or thick, depending on the cause.
- Excessive blinking or squinting, often due to discomfort or light sensitivity.
- Pawing at the eye or rubbing the face on surfaces, trying to relieve irritation.
- Visible third eyelid — this can appear as a pinkish membrane partially covering the eye.
- Signs of an upper respiratory infection (URI) such as sneezing, nasal discharge, lethargy, or decreased appetite, especially when the cause is viral.
If you see these signs, it’s important to seek veterinary care rather than waiting for improvement on its own. Left untreated, conjunctivitis can progress and potentially lead to vision problems or discomfort.
Causes of Conjunctivitis in Cats
There are several causes of conjunctivitis in cats, and treatment depends heavily on understanding the underlying cause.
1. Infectious Causes
- Viral infections — Feline Herpesvirus-1 (FHV-1) and calicivirus — are common triggers of conjunctivitis in cats, especially young or stressed cats. These viruses can also cause upper respiratory symptoms.
- Bacterial infections — Bacteria like Chlamydia felis and Mycoplasma often lead to conjunctivitis and may follow viral illnesses or occur on their own.
In infectious cases, the condition can be contagious to other cats, particularly in multi-cat households or shelters.
2. Allergies and Irritants
Non-infectious conjunctivitis may develop when a cat’s eyes react to allergens such as pollen, dust, smoke, or mold. Even household cleaners or air fresheners can irritate a cat’s eyes and cause inflammation similar to conjunctivitis.
3. Foreign Bodies & Trauma
Small particles like dust, plant matter, or a scratch can irritate the conjunctiva. This may lead to inflammation and secondary infection if not addressed promptly.
Diagnosing Conjunctivitis in Cats
A veterinarian will conduct a thorough eye examination to determine the cause of your cat’s conjunctivitis. This may include:
- Visual inspection of the eye and eyelids
- Assessing tear production and the eye surface
- Using dyes to check for corneal ulcers
- Taking swabs for bacterial or viral testing
Accurate diagnosis helps tailor treatment, as different causes require different approaches.
Treatment Options
Effective treatment depends on the cause of the inflammation. Your vet may recommend one or a combination of the following:
Topical Medications
- Antibiotic eye drops or ointments are commonly used if a bacterial infection is suspected.
- Antiviral medications can help manage viral conjunctivitis, particularly when associated with feline herpesvirus.
- Anti-inflammatory treatments reduce swelling and discomfort.
Oral Medications
In more severe or systemic cases, your veterinarian may prescribe:
- Oral antibiotics
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
These help treat more deeply rooted infections or broader systemic inflammation.
Supportive Care
- Gently clean discharge from the eyes with a warm, damp cloth.
- Keep your cat indoors and in a stress-free environment.
- Follow the full course of medication even if symptoms improve quickly.
Never administer human medications or over-the-counter eye drops without veterinary guidance, as some can be harmful to cats.
Prevention and Home Care Tips
While not all cases of conjunctivitis can be prevented, the following steps can lower your cat’s risk:
- Regular veterinary checkups help catch early signs of eye issues before they become serious.
- Keep vaccinations up to date, especially to reduce viral infections linked to conjunctivitis.
- Maintain a clean environment by reducing irritants such as dust, smoke, and strong fumes.
Prompt veterinary attention, early diagnosis, and proper treatment go a long way in helping your cat recover comfortably.
Conclusion
Cat conjunctivitis is a common and treatable eye condition. Recognizing symptoms like redness, discharge, and frequent blinking early can help you seek timely treatment. With proper veterinary care and supportive home practices, most cats make a full recovery. Prioritizing your cat’s eye health not only prevents discomfort but also improves their overall quality of life
