What Are Roundworms in Cats?
Roundworms are among the most common intestinal parasites found in cats. These parasites can lead to severe health problems, particularly in kittens, and in extreme cases, can be life-threatening. Most cats, particularly kittens, will eventually experience a roundworm infection. As the name suggests, roundworms are long, cylindrical worms, typically measuring between 3 to 6 inches (8 to 15 cm). Roundworms move freely within the intestines, Unlike parasites that attach to the intestinal walls. These parasites are also referred to as ascarids, and the condition they cause is known as ascariasis.
How Do Cats Get Roundworms?
Cats can contract roundworms through various sources:
- Ingesting Infected Animals: Cats, especially outdoor hunters, may get infected by eating rodents, birds, or other small wildlife that carry roundworm larvae.
- Contaminated Environments: Roundworm eggs are often present in the feces of infected animals. Cats are at risk of infection when they encounter contaminated soil, feces, or objects, a situation that occurs more frequently in cats that spend time outdoors.
- Mother-to-Kitten Transmission: Kittens can acquire roundworms from their mother before birth or through nursing.
To minimize the risk of infection, keep your cat indoors, clean litter boxes regularly, and monitor their exposure to potential carriers like rodents.
Symptoms of Roundworm Infection in Cats
Roundworm infestations can vary in severity, and in some cases, cats may show no visible symptoms. However, common signs of roundworm infection include:
- Pot-bellied appearance
- Abdominal pain or discomfort
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting or diarrhea
- Presence of mucus in stools
- Stunted growth in kittens
- Lethargy or decreased activity
- Dull, unhealthy coat
- Coughing (if larvae migrate to the lungs)
- Visible worms in feces or vomit
- Pneumonia (in severe cases where larvae reach the lungs)
Even if your cat doesn’t display clear symptoms, it’s important to consult a veterinarian if you suspect they’ve been exposed to roundworm eggs.
Treatment for Roundworms in Cats
If you suspect your cat has roundworms, seek veterinary advice immediately. A vet will typically request a fecal sample to confirm the diagnosis. Once diagnosed, treatment is straightforward and involves administering deworming medications, which may include:
- Pyrantel
- Fenbendazole
- Emodepside
- Ivermectin
- Moxidectin
These medications are often available as oral liquids, tablets, or topical treatments. The duration of treatment typically ranges between two to six weeks, based on how severe the infestation is. Following your vet’s dosage instructions carefully is crucial to ensure the infection is fully eradicated.
Can Humans Get Roundworms from Cats?
Yes, humans can contract roundworms from cats, a condition known as zoonotic infection. Transmission occurs when humans accidentally ingest roundworm eggs, often through contact with contaminated soil, litter boxes, or surfaces. In adults, this can lead to digestive issues and abdominal discomfort. The infection may be more serious in children and can affect the eyes or other organs. If you suspect exposure, contact a healthcare provider promptly.
Preventing Roundworm Infections in Cats
To reduce the risk of roundworm infections in cats:
- Regular Deworming: Follow your vet’s recommended deworming schedule, especially for kittens and outdoor cats.
- Keep Living Areas Clean: Regularly clean litter boxes and remove feces from your yard to prevent the spread of eggs.
- Limit Outdoor Exposure: Keeping your cat indoors minimizes contact with infected animals or contaminated environments.
- Rodent Control: Prevent your cat from hunting rodents, a common source of roundworm larvae.
Some heartworm preventatives can also protect against roundworms, offering an additional layer of defense.
Recovery and Long-Term Outlook
Most cats make a complete recovery from roundworm infections when diagnosed and treated early. Kittens and adult cats generally respond well to deworming medications. To prevent re-infection, maintain good hygiene practices, and consider regular preventative treatments. If left untreated, however, roundworm infestations can lead to serious health issues, including malnutrition, intestinal blockages, and respiratory complications.
For the health and safety of both your cat and your household, consult your veterinarian at the first sign of a possible roundworm infection.
