What Are Hookworms in Cats?
Hookworms are tiny, thread-like parasites that attach to a cat's small intestine, feeding on blood and causing serious health issues. If left untreated, hookworms can lead to anemia, intestinal inflammation, internal bleeding, and, in severe cases, can be fatal—especially in young kittens. The two most common species affecting cats are Ancylostoma tubaeforme and Ancylostoma ceylanicum. Hookworm infections are relatively common, affecting 10% to 60% of cats at some point.
Symptoms of Hookworm Infections in Cats
Symptoms vary depending on the cat's age and health. Kittens and young cats often display more severe signs, while older cats may show mild symptoms. Watch for:
- Small sores on footpads or between toes
- Pale gums, lips, and nostrils
- Poor coat condition
- Diarrhea, sometimes with blood
- Weight loss and loss of appetite
- Constipation
- Black, tarry stools
- Coughing, wheezing, or breathing difficulties
How Do Cats Get Hookworms?
Cats become infected by contact with contaminated soil, sand, or litter, often through their skin or by ingesting hookworm larvae. They can also get infected by consuming prey carrying the parasite or drinking contaminated water. Kittens can contract hookworms through their mother’s milk. Once inside the cat, larvae travel to the lungs and eventually settle in the small intestine, where they mature and reproduce, releasing eggs passed in the stool. Outdoor cats, hunters, and cats in crowded shelters are at higher risk.
Diagnosing Hookworms in Cats
Hookworms are difficult to detect with the naked eye due to their small size. A veterinarian will take a detailed health history and perform a stool test under a microscope. The sample is mixed with a solution that makes hookworm eggs float to the surface, making them easier to identify. Additional tests like a complete blood count and urinalysis may be conducted to check for anemia and dehydration.
Are Hookworms Contagious to Other Pets or Humans?
Yes, hookworms are contagious to other cats and dogs and can even infect humans, though human cases are rare. Always wear gloves when cleaning litter boxes to minimize risk, and wash your hands afterward.
Treatment for Hookworms in Cats
- Deworming Medications: A veterinarian will prescribe an anti-parasitic medication, commonly containing fenbendazole, to kill or expel the worms. Treatment typically lasts three to five days. Pregnant cats should be treated to prevent passing the infection to kittens, and kittens should start treatment at three to four weeks old, continuing monthly.
- Iron and Nutritional Supplements: Cats suffering from anemia may require iron supplements to restore healthy blood levels.
- Fluid Therapy: Severely dehydrated cats may need hospitalization for intravenous fluids to stabilize their condition.
Recovery and Prevention of Hookworms in Cats
With prompt treatment, most cats recover well from hookworm infections. Follow-up veterinary visits are essential to ensure the infection has cleared and to prevent re-infestation. While there is no vaccine for hookworms, preventive medications are available by prescription.
To reduce the risk of future infections:
- Clean your cat’s litter box and living area regularly.
- Keep outdoor cats away from stagnant water sources.
- Maintain proper hygiene by using gloves and thoroughly washing your hands after coming into contact with litter or soil.
Keeping a close eye on your cat's health and getting timely treatment will help protect them from the risks associated with hookworm infections.
