A medical emergency involving a pet is every owner’s nightmare. While these situations are uncommon, knowing the basics of Pet CPR—which includes artificial respiration and heart massage (chest compressions)—can help you act calmly and responsibly until professional veterinary care is available.
This guide explains what pet CPR is, when it may be appropriate, and the core principles and safety cautions every dog and cat owner should understand.
What Is Pet CPR?
Pet CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is an emergency support technique used only when a pet is unresponsive and shows no normal breathing or heartbeat. It combines:
- Artificial respiration: to support breathing and oxygen delivery
- Heart massage (chest compressions): to support the circulation of oxygenated blood
CPR is a temporary, life-supporting measure, not a cure. Immediate veterinary treatment is essential.
When Should Pet CPR Be Considered?
Pet CPR should be attempted only if your dog or cat is unresponsive and not breathing normally. Situations where CPR may be considered include:
- Near-drowning
- Severe trauma (e.g., accidents)
- Electrical shock
- Sudden collapse related to illness
- Choking after the airway has been cleared
If your pet is conscious, breathing, or resisting, do not attempt CPR.
Stay Calm and Assess Responsiveness
Before acting:
- Ensure your safety and your pet's safety (remove hazards).
- Check responsiveness by calling your pet’s name and gently touching.
- Check breathing by watching for chest movement and feeling airflow.
- Check for a heartbeat if trained (on the inside of the thigh or the left chest).
If there is no breathing and no heartbeat, begin CPR and arrange immediate transport to a veterinary clinic.
Artificial Respiration: The Purpose
Artificial respiration supports oxygen delivery when a pet isn’t breathing.
High-level principles (not a substitute for hands-on training):
- Keep the airway open and the neck aligned.
- Gently close the mouth and position the tongue forward.
- Deliver gentle, controlled breaths—never force air.
If your pet starts breathing on its own, stop rescue breaths and monitor closely while heading to the vet.
Heart Massage (Chest Compressions): The Purpose
Chest compressions support circulation when the heart has stopped.
General principles:
- Hand placement varies by body shape (barrel-chested vs. narrow-chested).
- Use firm, rhythmic compressions with full chest recoil.
- Avoid excessive force—especially with small dogs, cats, and kittens.
If you’re untrained, focus on safe, steady compressions and rapid transport to professional care.
Coordinating Breaths and Compressions
CPR works best when breathing support and compressions are coordinated to maintain oxygenation and circulation: consistency and calm rhythm matter. When unsure, prioritize compressions and getting to a veterinarian quickly.
Dogs vs. Cats: Important Differences
- Cats: smaller and more fragile—use lighter pressure and minimize handling stress.
- Dogs: vary widely in size and chest shape—technique and hand placement differ.
Because techniques vary, formal pet first-aid/CPR training is strongly recommended.
Critical Safety Warnings
- Do not perform CPR on a conscious pet.
- Do not delay veterinary transport—CPR is a bridge, not a solution.
- Stop if your pet revives or if you feel unsafe.
- Seek veterinary evaluation immediately, even if your pet appears to recover.
Aftercare and Veterinary Evaluation
Any pet that receives CPR requires urgent veterinary assessment to identify and treat the underlying cause and to monitor for complications.
Final Thoughts
Pet CPR—artificial respiration and heart massage—can be life-supporting in rare, critical moments. Preparation, calm decision-making, and knowing when to act and when to stop are just as important as technique. Consider enrolling in a certified pet CPR course, so you’re prepared if the unexpected happens.
