When your cat's kidneys function properly, they are crucial in eliminating toxins, controlling blood pressure, balancing electrolytes, maintaining hydration and calcium levels, and producing hormones that promote red blood cell production.
When your cat is diagnosed with kidney failure, also known as renal failure, it indicates that their kidneys are no longer functioning correctly. This condition can be caused by several factors, such as infections, tumors, or exposure to toxic substances.
The primary concern with kidney failure in cats is that their kidneys lose the ability to remove dangerous toxins from the bloodstream effectively.
Types Of Kidney Failure In Cats
Kidney failure in cats can be categorized as either acute or chronic.
Acute Kidney Failure in Cats:
Also known as acute renal failure (ARF), acute kidney failure occurs when the kidneys suddenly suffer damage, typically within hours or days. This can be caused by a rapidly progressing infection or exposure to toxins.
With timely treatment, supportive care, and time, some cats with ARF may regain partial kidney function, depending on the underlying cause.
However, even with treatment, about 50% of ARF cases are fatal. Cats that survive the initial cause often have a more favorable prognosis than cats suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD).
Chronic Kidney Failure in Cats:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), also known as chronic kidney failure, is a progressive condition that can ultimately lead to end-stage renal failure (ESRF), which represents stage 4 of kidney disease.
In CKD, there is a slowly loss of kidney tissue over months (CKD is diagnosed when it persists for more than two months) or years, often due to genetic factors, persistent infections, aging, cancer, or other medical conditions.
Clinical signs of CKD typically appear when around two-thirds of the kidney tissue is damaged. As the disease progresses, medical management becomes less effective in helping the kidneys carry out their essential functions.
Symptoms Of Kidney Failure In Cats
If your cat's kidneys are not effectively removing waste from their body, you might observe increased water intake and more frequent attempts to urinate. As toxins accumulate, your cat may feel nauseous and lose interest in food. Generally, they may seem lethargic and less content.
Some symptoms of kidney failure in cats include:
- Dehydration
- Increased thirst
- Weakness
- Weight loss
- Loss of appetite
- Diarrhea (possibly with blood)
- Vomiting (possibly with blood)
- Depression
- Foul-smelling breath
In cases of acute kidney failure, you might also notice your cat exhibiting an arched back or a stiff-legged walk, which indicates that it is experiencing kidney pain.
Chronic kidney failure progresses gradually, with symptoms that may be subtle until the disease has advanced significantly, eventually leading to complete kidney failure.
While chronic kidney disease cannot be cured, early detection and treatment can help extend your cat's life and improve their quality of life.
Symptoms of End-Stage Kidney Failure In Cats
Symptoms of end-stage kidney failure in cats can include
- Sunken
- Dull eyes
- Difficulty walking
- Body odor
- Loss of bladder or bowel control
- Refusal to eat or drink
- Seizures
- Confusion
- Pacing
- Restlessness
- Withdrawal, hiding, and attempting to run away
While multiple symptoms may appear, you might not observe all of them in your cat. Kidney failure presents complex challenges, with different symptoms potentially appearing at different times.
These symptoms may also suggest other health conditions, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis, effective management, and regular communication with your vet.
Treatment And Diagnosis Of Kidney Failure In Cats
Your vet will thoroughly examine your cat, which may include blood, X-rays and urine tests, and an ultrasound. In some cases, a kidney biopsy may also be necessary.
If kidney disease is diagnosed, treatment options may include intravenous fluids to address dehydration, vitamin injections, supplements, medications, and possibly surgery to remove any blockages. The primary goal of treating kidney failure is managing symptoms and slowing the disease's progression.
You can help support your cat's treatment by providing a carefully managed diet and ensuring access to plenty of fresh water. Your vet will likely recommend gradually transitioning your cat to a kidney-friendly diet low in phosphorus and protein and enriched with vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids.
Palliative care is essential for cats in the final stages of kidney failure. This care involves keeping your cat warm and comfortable, providing easy access to food, water, and a litter box, and offering plenty of loving companionship.
Note: The details shared here are for informational purposes only and should not substitute professional veterinary advice. For an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan for your pet, please consult your veterinarian.
