Hearing that your cat may have glaucoma can be concerning. This eye condition involves increased pressure inside the eye, which may cause discomfort and, if left unaddressed, could affect vision. However, with attentive veterinary care, many cats live comfortably and happily. Learning to recognize early signs, potential causes, and available treatments can help you support your cat’s well-being.
Let’s take a closer look at feline glaucoma and how it can be managed.
What Is Glaucoma in Cats?
Glaucoma in cats happens when fluid inside the eye—called aqueous humour—can’t drain correctly. This fluid buildup raises intraocular pressure (IOP) in the eye. Over time, high pressure can damage the optic nerve, which transmits visual signals to the brain.
If left untreated, this damage may result in partial or complete vision loss, underscoring the importance of early detection.
Types of Glaucoma in Cats
Feline glaucoma is generally classified into two main types:
Primary Glaucoma
Primary glaucoma is caused by an inherited defect in the eye’s structure that blocks fluid drainage. It is rare in cats, especially compared to dogs. When it occurs, vision loss usually happens slowly but steadily.
Secondary Glaucoma
Secondary glaucoma is much more common in cats. It results from another eye or systemic issue blocking normal fluid outflow. These include:
- Chronic eye inflammation (anterior uveitis)
- Trauma to the eye
- Cancer affecting the eye.
- Lens displacement (lens luxation)
- Accumulation of inflammatory cells or debris
Because secondary glaucoma is linked to another disease, managing the primary cause is a key part of treatment.
Signs and Symptoms of Glaucoma in Cats
Cats often hide discomfort, so symptoms may appear subtle. Common signs include:
- Sudden or progressive vision loss
- Red, swollen, or cloudy-looking eyes
- Excessive tearing or squinting
- Pupils that appear uneven in size
- One eye looking larger or bulging.
Glaucoma is painful, so behavioral changes linked to discomfort are common, such as:
- Hiding more than usual
- Reduced interest in play or interaction
- Sudden irritability or aggression
- Sleeping more than normal
Because glaucoma is often secondary, you may also see:
If you notice any combination of these symptoms, seeking veterinary advice promptly can help ensure your cat’s comfort and health.
What Causes Glaucoma in Cats?
The cause of glaucoma depends on whether it is primary or secondary. In cats, it most often results from another eye condition or a systemic illness that disrupts the drainage of the eye. Infections, inflammation, injuries, and tumors are common factors.
How Is Glaucoma Diagnosed?
If you suspect glaucoma in your cat, seek prompt veterinary care. During an eye exam, your vet will measure eye pressure with a specialized instrument.
Normal eye pressure in cats typically ranges between 15 and 25 mmHg. Values above this range strongly suggest glaucoma and may require additional diagnostic tests to identify the underlying cause.
Is There a Cure for Glaucoma in Cats?
Although glaucoma cannot be cured, managing the condition effectively can make a difference. In primary glaucoma, vision loss can progress, but with care, quality of life can still be maintained. With secondary glaucoma, results depend on how well the primary condition is managed, but compassionate treatment benefits most cats.
Vision lost to glaucoma cannot be restored, but early and steady treatment can slow the disease, reduce pain, and help preserve eyesight.
Treatment Options for Feline Glaucoma
Treatment focuses on lowering eye pressure and managing discomfort. Your veterinarian may recommend:
- Prescription eye drops to reduce intraocular pressure.
- Anti-inflammatory medications, such as steroids, are used if inflammation is present.
- Ongoing monitoring to assess disease progression
If pain becomes unmanageable in advanced cases, your vet may suggest more aggressive treatments.
Caring for a Cat With Vision Loss
If your cat has reduced or lost vision, keep the environment familiar. Do not move furniture, bowls, litter boxes, or scratching posts so your cat can navigate safely.
Visual impairment does not reduce your cat’s need for stimulation. Instead:
- Choose toys that rely on sound or scent, such as crinkle toys or catnip.
- Use food-dispensing toys to encourage mental engagement.
- Provide cozy, enclosed resting spots, such as donut beds, boxes, or cat caves.
- Offer reassurance, affection, and consistent routines.
With patience, understanding, and care, most cats adjust very well and discover new ways to enjoy their surroundings.
Final Thoughts
A glaucoma diagnosis can feel daunting, but your cat can still enjoy a wonderful quality of life. With prompt attention, thoughtful veterinary treatment, and a caring home, many cats thrive, staying comfortable and happy.
In summary, recognizing the signs of glaucoma, seeking prompt veterinary care, and maintaining a consistent, comforting environment are essential steps to support your cat’s health. By staying attentive and proactive, you can help preserve your cat’s comfort and quality of life.
